Tracing the journey of the coffee bean

Coffee has a swashbuckling adventure spanning a thousand years, filled with death-defying escapes, international intrigue and torrid romance. From distant, tropical islands to the power centers of international trade, it has been banned, berated, hailed and championed, generating as much fear as enjoyment. This is not just a drink, this is magic, infusing itself into our psyche, stirring conflict and controversy.

Second only to oil, coffee is the most valuable legally traded commodity in the world. It is estimated that 2.25 billion cups of coffee are consumed each day worldwide. Coffee is a daily ritual in the lives of millions of humans around the globe. Where exactly did this caffeinated phenomenon begin?

Ethiopia

Coffee grown worldwide can trace its heritage back centuries to the ancient coffee forests on the Ethiopian plateau. There, legend says the goat herder Kaldi first discovered the potential of these beloved beans.

The story goes that that Kaldi discovered coffee after he noticed that after eating the berries from a certain tree, his goats became so energetic that they did not want to sleep at night. Kaldi reported his findings to the abbot of the local monastery, who made a drink with the berries and found that it kept him alert through the long hours of evening prayer. The abbot shared his discovery with the other monks at the monastery, and knowledge of the energizing berries began to spread. As word moved east and coffee reached the Arabian peninsula, it began a journey which would bring these beans across the globe.

Arabian Peninsula

Coffee spread quickly through the Arabian Peninsula in the mid of 14th century. Coffee was not only enjoyed in homes, but also in the many public coffee houses called qahveh khaneh which began to appear in cities across the near east. The popularity of the coffee houses was exceptional and people frequented them for all kinds of social activity. With thousands of pilgrims visiting the holy city of Mecca each year from all over the world, knowledge of this “wine of Araby” began to spread.

Europe

European travelers to the near east brought back stories of an unusual dark black beverage. Europeans got their first taste of coffee in 1615 when Venetian merchants who had become acquainted with the drink in Istanbul carried it back with them to Venice. By the 17th century, coffee had made its way to Europe and was becoming popular across the continent.

America

In the mid-1600’s, coffee was brought to New Amsterdam, later called New York by the British. Though coffee houses rapidly began to appear, tea continued to be the favored drink in the New World until 1773. Boston Tea Party revolt forever changed the American drinking preference to coffee.

London

England first became acquainted with coffee in 1637 when a Turk introduced the drink to Oxford. It quickly became popular among students and teachers who established the “Oxford Coffee Club”. By 1660, London’s coffeehouses had become an integral part of its social culture.

Around the World

As demand for the beverage continued to spread, there was fierce competition to cultivate coffee outside of Arabia. The Dutch finally got seedlings in the latter half of the 17th century. Missionaries and travelers, traders and colonists continued to carry coffee seeds to new lands, and coffee trees were planted worldwide.

Plantations were established in magnificent tropical forests and on rugged mountain highlands. Some crops flourished, while others were short-lived. New nations were established on coffee economies. By the end of the 18th century, coffee had become one of the world’s most profitable export crops.

Coffee began to replace the common breakfast drink beverages the beer and wine. Those who drank coffee instead of alcohol began the day alert and energized, and not surprisingly, the quality of their work was greatly improved.

Legacy of the brew

Before coffee became our morning beverage of choice, it appeared in a variety of different preparations. In its most basic, unprocessed form, coffee is a cherry-like fruit, which becomes red when ripe; the coffee bean is found at the center of the red coffee fruit.

Early on, the fruit were mixed with animal fat to create a protein rich snack bar. At one point, the fermented pulp was used to make a wine-like concoction. Another drink that appeared around 1000 A.D. was made from the whole coffee fruit, including the beans and the hull. From the 13th century people began to roast coffee beans, the first step in the process of making coffee as we know it today.

Legacy of the name

The word “coffee” has roots in several languages. Coffee was originally called “qahwahin” in Arabia. In Yemen it earned the name qahwah, which was originally a romantic term for wine. It later became the Turkish kahveh. It was from ‘kahveh’ that the modern words for coffee are derived; German kaffee. English coffee, French café, Dutch koffie

Lifecycle

Before the Coffee bean is ground down, peculated and poured into our coffee cup it goes through a series of processes spanning over a period of months.

Harvesting

The Coffee tree starts its life as a seed and after 4 to 8 weeks it develops into a seedling. After about 9 to 18 months the coffee tree will grow to about 12 inches tall. It is a further 3 years before the tree bears fruit, (known as cherries), and a further 6 years before it is fully mature and produces fruits. At this stage the trees are ready for harvesting.

Picking

A good coffee picker can pick the equivalent of 50 to 60 pounds of coffee beans in a day. The average lifespan for a coffee tree is about 20 to 25 years, yielding around 2000 beans per year.

Sorting

Once the cherries have been picked they are ready for sorting. The green beans are kept in a well ventilated warehouse for 1-7 years. This gives the beans a less acidic taste and a syrupy richness.

Processing

Dry Processing involves drying the cherries in the sun, then removing the pulp, parchment and dried skin. This can take up to two weeks. Wet Processing involves putting the cherries in water; any ones that float are removed as defective. The cherries are then pressed by a machine which only allows the seed and some pulp to pass through the holes. The remaining pulp is removed leaving the beans which are then left to dry.

Hulling

Machines are used to remove the parchment layer from the wet processed coffee beans. The dry process involves removing the entire dried husk of the dried cherries.

Polishing

A polishing machine is used to remove any silver skin that is left on after the hulling process

Cleaning, Sorting and Grading

Before the beans are packed they are sorted again by sizes and weight, and then they are checked for color flaws or other imperfections.

Roasting

The process of roasting the coffee beans involves roasting them at 550 degrees Fahrenheit. The beans are kept moving throughout the entire process to stop them from burning. When they reach a temperature of about 400 degrees they begin to turn brown and the caffeol or oil that is locked inside the bean starts to emerge. This process produces the flavor and aroma of the coffee.

Tasting

At every stage of coffee production the coffee is repeatedly tested for quality and taste. This process is referred to as cupping and takes place in a room specifically designed for this process. An experienced cupper can taste hundreds of samples of coffee a day and still taste the subtle differences between them.

Puranas relating to Mahashivarathri

There are many Puranas, stories and legends describing the origin of Mahashivaratri. One such origin has it that after the Earth was faced with an imminent destruction, Goddess Parvati pledged with Lord Shiva to save the world. Pleased with her prayers, Lord Shiva agreed to save the world on the pretext that the people of the Earth would have to worship him with dedication and passion. From that day onwards, the night came to be known as Maha Shivratri and people began worshipping Shiva with a great enthusiasm.

According to one, during the Samudra Manthan, a pot of poison emerged from the ocean. This terrified the Gods and demons as the poison was capable of destroying the entire world, and they ran to Shiva for help. To protect the world from its evil effects, Shiva drank the deadly poison but held it in his throat instead of swallowing it. This made his throat turn blue, and he was given the name Neelakantha, the blue-throated one. Shivaratri is the celebration of this event during which Shiva saved the world.

A legend explains the all-night worship of Shiva on Shivratri. There was once a poor tribal man who was great devotee of Shiva. One day he went deep into the forest to collect firewood. However he lost his way and could not return home before nightfall. As darkness fell, he heard the growls of wild animals. Terrified, he climbed onto the nearest tree for shelter till day-break. Perched amongst the branches, he was afraid he would doze and fall off the tree. To stay awake, he decided to pluck a leaf at a time from the tree and drop it, while chanting the name of Shiva. At dawn, he realized that he had dropped a thousand leaves onto a Linga to keep himself awake, the tribal plucked one leaf at a time from the tree and dropped it below which he had not seen in the dark. The tree happened to be a wood apple or bel tree. This unwitting all-night worship pleased Shiva, by whose grace the tribal was rewarded with divine bliss. This story is also recited on Mahashivaratri by devotees on fast.

According to another legend in the Shiva Purana, once the other two of the triads of Hindu Gods, Brahma and Vishnu, were fighting over who was the superior of the two. Horrified at the intensity of the battle, the other gods asked Shiva to intervene. To make them realize the futility of their fight, Shiva assumed the form of a huge column of fire in between Brahma and Vishnu. Awestruck by its magnitude, they decided to find one end each to establish supremacy over the other. Brahma assumed the form of a swan and went upwards and Vishnu as Varaha went into the earth. But light has no limit and though they searched for thousands of miles, neither could find the end. On his journey upwards, Brahma came across a Ketaki flower wafting down slowly. When asked where she had come from, the Ketaki replied that she had been placed at the top of the fiery column as an offering. Unable to find the uppermost limit, Brahma decided to end his search and take the flower as a witness.

At this, the angry Shiva revealed his true form. He punished Brahma for telling a lie, and cursed him that no one would ever pray to him. The Ketaki flower too was banned from being used as an offering for any worship, as she had testified falsely. Since it was on the 14th day in the dark half of the month of Phalguna that Shiva first manifested himself in the form of a Linga, the day is especially auspicious and is celebrated as Mahashivaratri. Worshipping Shiva on this day is believed to bestow one with happiness and prosperity. In southern Karnataka, children are allowed to get into all kinds of mischief and asking for punishment is the rule of the day, probably originating from the mythological incident of Shiva punishing Brahma for lying.

The Story of King Chitrabhanu

In the Shanti Parva of the Mahabharata, Bhishma, whilst resting on the bed of arrows and discoursing on Dharma, refers to the observance of Maha Shivaratri by King Chitrabhanu. The story goes as follows: Once upon a time King Chitrabhanu of the Ikshvaku dynasty, who ruled over the whole of Jambudvipa, was observing a fast with his wife, it being the day of Maha Shivaratri. The sage Ashtavakra came on a visit to the court of the king. The sage asked, “O king! why are you observing a fast today?”

King Chitrabhanu explained that he had the gift of remembering the incidents of his previous birth. The king said to the sage: “In my past birth I was a hunter in Varanasi. My name was Suswara. My livelihood was to kill and sell birds and animals. One day I was roaming the forests in search of animals. I was overtaken by the darkness of night. Unable to return home, I climbed a tree for shelter. It happened to be a bael tree. I had shot a deer that day but I had no time to take it home. I bundled it up and tied it to a branch on the tree. As I was tormented by hunger and thirst, I kept awake throughout the night. I shed profuse tears when I thought of my poor wife and children who were starving and anxiously awaiting my return. To pass away the time that night I engaged myself in plucking the bael leaves and dropping them down onto the ground.

“The day dawned. I returned home and sold the deer. I bought some food for myself and for my family. I was about to break my fast when a stranger came to me, begging for food. I served him first and then took my food. “At the time of death, I saw two messengers of Lord Shiva. They were sent down to conduct my soul to the abode of Lord Shiva. I learnt then for the first time of the great merit I had earned by the unconscious worship of Lord Shiva during the night of Shivaratri. They told me that there was a Lingam at the bottom of the tree. The leaves I dropped fell on the Lingam. My tears which I had shed out of pure sorrow for my family fell onto the Lingam and washed it. And I had fasted all day and all night. Thus did I unconsciously worship the Lord. “I lived in the abode of the Lord and enjoyed divine bliss for long ages. I am now reborn as Chitrabhanu.”

Lord Shiva’s Assurance:

When creation had been completed, Shiva and Parvati went out to live on the top of Mount Kailas. Parvati asked, “O venerable Lord! which of the many rituals observed in thy honour which pleases thee the most?” The Lord replied, “The 14th night of the new moon, in the dark fortnight during the month of Phalgun, is my most favourite day. It is known as Shivaratri. My devotees give me greater happiness by mere fasting than by ceremonial baths and offerings of flowers, sweets and incense.

They observe strict spiritual discipline during the day and worship me in four different forms during each of the four successive three-hour periods of the night. The offering of a few bael leaves is more precious to me than the precious jewels and flowers. My devotee bathe me in milk at the first period, in curd at the second, in clarified butter at the third, and in honey at the fourth and last. Next morning, they feed the Brahmins first and after performing the prescribed ceremonies, break the fast. O Parvati! there is no ritual which can compare with this simple routine in sanctity.” Parvati was deeply impressed by the speech of Lord Shiva. She repeated it to her friends who in their turn passed it on to the ruling princes on earth. Thus was the sanctity of Shivaratri broadcast all over the world.

The two great natural forces that afflict man are Rajas (the quality of passionate activity) and Tamas (that of inertia). The Shivaratri Vrata aims at the perfect control of these two. The entire day is spent at the feet of the Lord. Continuous worship of the Lord necessitates the devotee’s constant presence in the place of worship. Motion is controlled. Evils like lust, anger, and jealousy, born of Rajas are ignored and subdued. The devotee observes vigil throughout the night and thus conquers Tamas also. Constant vigilance is imposed on the mind. Every three hours a round of worship of the Shiva Lingam is conducted. Shivaratri is a perfect Vrata.

Hail Lord Shiva!

Fragrance weave magic

                                                               

Have you ever been  instantly transported to your past love life all of a sudden right in the middle of a road when you pass by a stranger using the same fragrance as your ex? Have you ever wondered how fragrance unlocks new memories in your mind?

The slightest whiff of perfume has the power to instantly trigger long lost memories. Sense of smell is so very powerful that a slightest hint of a familiar fragrance can provoke an exclusive memory or a cherished moment in our lives that we have treasured for ever. The reason is because there is a scientifically proven association in our brains between memory and smell.

We all have experienced the nostalgy that a particular scent of smell carries along. Science says our noses have a way of sniffing out nostalgia and the memories sparked by smell feel nostalgic and emotional, rather than concrete and detailed. This is why the memories evoked by fragrance are more powerful.

All senses are connected with memories, smell in particular has the influence to unlock forgotten memories that trace a whirlwind of emotions. Here we explore how and why scent can provide a direct link to the past.

We can describe things that we look and sounds that we hear, but we cannot describe a particular smell. We can only refer them to another smell like the smell of earth while it rains or the smell of freshly brewed coffee. People in general are not used to talking about smell as a sense.

Of all senses, smell is unique because as we experience the scent, it penetrates directly into the brain. The other senses, such as hearing and vision start at their particular sense organs and move to the ‘thalamus’ before traveling to the brain. This could be one reason why memories that smell triggers are stronger.

Generally smell travels into the emotional parts of the brain while words travel through the thinking parts of the brain. When a particular fragrance enters the nose, it sails through the cranial nerve  through the olfactory bulb, which helps the brain process smells. The olfactory bulb is part of the brain that is responsible for processing smells. It is a component of limbic system, the emotional center of the brain. This olfactory bulb is placed just next to the hippocampus which is the primary brain nucleus for these memories.

So whenever we smell our ex's perfume, it was picked up by the complex smell receptors in the nose and travelled directly into the brain and stayed next to the part specialised for encoding experiences. Here the fragrance gets entangled with other memories. Years later, the smell is not only enough to relive that experience but it is also enough to pull out the rest of the memories along with it. This is how smell detangles a particular memory from our brain and transcends time.

Self check for social media users

As social networking grows, we are forced to pay the price of the loss of individual privacy. The impulse to share has caused many of us to inadvertently expose ourselves in ways that can compromise our safety and security. Social networking sites are not necessarily a closed and guarded universe.

Laws might not end sexism and misogyny online; but more awareness might. The best way to protect yourself is to not make yourself vulnerable in the first place. You are responsible for the information that appears in connection with your name and image and you have to make sure it does not have the potential to harm you now or in the future. I wanted to throw light on a few points which might help your social networking safer:

Whatever you post, tweet, update, share -- even if it's deleted immediately afterwards -- has the potential to be captured by someone, somewhere, without your knowledge. This is especially true of social networking sites including private messages shared between two people and postings to a private group. There is no such thing as "private" in the world of social media because anything you put up can potentially be grabbed, copied, saved on someone else's computer and mirrored on other sites

Separate Work and Family Keep your family safe, especially if you have a high profile position or work in a field that may expose you to high-risk individuals. Some women have more than one social networking account: one for their professional/public lives and one that's restricted to personal concerns and only involves family and close friends. If this applies to you, make it clear to family/friends to post only to your personal account, not your professional page; and don't let the names of spouses, children, relatives, parents, siblings appear there to protect their privacy. Don't let yourself be tagged in events, activities or photos that may reveal personal details about your life.

Keep track of your privacy settings and check them on a regular basis or at least monthly. Do not assume that the default setting will keep you safe. Many social networking sites frequently update and change settings, and often the defaults tend to make public more information than you may be willing to share.

Review Before Posting: Make sure your privacy settings enable you to review content in which you've been tagged by friends before they appear publicly on your page. This should include posts, notes, and photos. It may seem tedious, but it's much easier to deal with a small amount each day than to have to go back through weeks, months and even years to ensure that any and all content related to you puts forth an image you're comfortable living with.

If it's a family affair the best way of communicating with you is through private messaging or email -- not posting on your page. Often, relatives who are new to social media don't understand the difference between public and private conversations and how they take place online. Don't hesitate to delete something that is too personal for fear of hurting feelings -- just make sure you message privately to explain your actions, or better make a call on the phone.

Some online games, quizzes, and other entertainment apps pull information from your page and post it without your knowledge. Make sure that you know the guidelines of any app, game or service and do not allow it unfettered access to your information.

Never accept a friend request from someone you don't know. This may seem like a no-brainer, but even when someone appears as a mutual friend of a friend or several friends, think twice about accepting unless you can concretely identify who they are and how they're connected to you.

Social media is fun -- but don't be lulled into a false sense of security when it comes to protecting your personal information. The goal of social networking sites is to generate revenue and even though the service is free, there's the hidden cost of your privacy. It's up to you to keep tabs on what shows up and to limit your exposure and protect yourself.

Simple Social Media Code of Conducts for Men (?)

Social media has become a free platform for all to voice their unsolicited opinions. Almost every woman with a social media presence and pictures online has experienced thirsty guys wanting to talk about how she makes his ***** feel or has handled a stranger’s DMs to talk her into a date.

First rule of trying to talk to women social media: leave your **** out of it. Even when the pictures are overtly sexual, most people aren’t going to want to hear about it. Stop the turn on comments even for pictures that are clearly intended to be sexy – whether they were taken professionally or simply for fun. Paying someone a sincere compliment is a regular part of flirting. After all, who doesn’t like to hear that they’re enchanting or good looking.

Mentioning how turned on you are by somebody’s pics is not only totally unmanly, but can also completely shut you down from her system. It’s not flattering, it’s not validating and it’s not wanted. Your online equivalent of catcalling, making sexual or even overly flirty comments to someone you don’t know is going to be uncomfortable and unwelcome at best.

Complimenting someone’s looks nowadays is both boring and unoriginal. You’re almost never the first person to suggest that maybe she could be a model or how great her legs look. Giving a compliment about women’s looks online also tends to carry the unspoken “…so be grateful” appended to the end. Many guys treat a woman’s attractiveness as something being done for – or at – them. Complimenting her becomes less about praise and more about giving their approval.

If you want to compliment someone on Instagram or Facebook and stand out from the horde of douchebags flinging their ***** at her? Compliment her on her choices, not her looks.

The other thing to keep in mind: save the snark and sarcasm for people you know extremely well the people who know you well enough to read your tone in text. Snark is the devalued coin of the Internet and sarcasm is a shitty substitute for wit most of the time. 99.999% of the population isn’t going to appreciate it, even when they recognize it at all.There are few things that women find more infuriating than the guy who assumes she’s an idiot. Whether it’s the guy who believes that he knows better and needs to prove it or the dude who assumes that she has but a dilettante’s experience, no woman has ever appreciated a guy who leaps uninvited into her comments or DMs to “um…actually” her. Especially when she knows more than him.

One of the biggest mistakes that guys make when trying to talk to women on Instagram or other social media: going through entire media timeline and making your presence known. Another biggest social media sins guys commit is liking or commenting on every picture, post or comment she’s made. This behavior sends a message that you have studied every inch of me, every moment of my life and now you know me better than myself. There’s nothing wrong with looking ; that is, after all, part of the point of Instagram; but looking is passive and anonymous. The comments and likes, however, get her attention; it imposes yourself upon her and makes her uncomfortable.

Another fact is that, when you can observe her conversations isn’t an invitation to join them. People frequently have conversations with friends on Twitter or Facebook and don’t appreciate folks who suddenly need to throw their two paise in. Having a conversation in a “public” space doesn’t give everyone in earshot the right to chime in. You should treat them as conversations you overhear at restaurants or on the streets. Existence isn’t permission after all, and violating social contracts is frequently a sign of low-emotional intelligence - an unattractive trait.

Treat her like a person, it doesn’t matter if she’s an Internet celebrity or just some cutie or your long time crush: she’s a person above everything else. Not an object for you to drool over. She’s not a Goddess to be put on a pedestal or your dancing monkey who needs your approval.

You build relationships through trust and comfort. Most of the men she’s going to encounter online are going to be pushy and obnoxious. If you can be someone other than that show her. Showing her respect can make you stand out from the crowd. Showing her that she can trust you can make her more likely to talk to you out of the other people clamoring for her attention. Those conversations can become the foundation for something amazing together.

So when you want to talk to women on social media, put your best self forward. Be clever. Be insightful. Be respectful. Put yourself out there, and then wait till she starts to pick up those threads…

Benefits of new construction in California

Home buyers can choose between buying a new home or an old one. Those who buy a brand-new house often cite amenities and design elements as driving factors for their choice. Price and location of the home are the two main factors that most home-buyers look out for. But the quality of the home is also an essential consideration. The age of the home determines the home's quality. Home-buying procedure involves a lot of decisions, and one of the biggest choices to make is whether to buy a new or an old property.          

TailormadeLayout:

New home architecture can be customised to the buyer's preference and shall feature current design aesthetics, open floor plans, spacious rooms, more closet space and larger master bathrooms. Older homes, on the other hand, may need significant renovations that can take time and cost money. In a custom-built home, the buyer will work with the contractor to create a layout that works for life.The buyer may be able to upgrade finishes if he connects with the builder before construction is completed.

Efficiency:

New homes built today have to comply with tougher national code standards for energy efficiency than the earlier times. New homes are built with latest smart technologies, better insulation for walls, ceilings, and floors and new materials that make them more energy efficient. Most New homes are constructed with solar panels that can turn back the electric meter. Dual pane windows retain more heat in winter and keep the home cooler in summer that make homes climate appropriate in all seasons. In the longer run, the energy bills may be less. New homes often use low- and zero-VOC (volatile organic compound) paints and building materials. New homes typically offer better air filtration which increases indoor air quality, reducing symptoms from those who have allergies.

Maintenance:

The new home will be voguish and less likely for critical repairs.  The expense for replacements, repairs, maintenance, and upgrades make old homes less desirable.  While buying a new home, one can relax and enjoy his stay versus repairing and redoing the old home. Monthly homeownership and maintenance costs are standard and are nominal in new homes. 

Warranty

Warranties protect new homes for years before any major repairs. In California, builders are required to give buyers a 10-year warranty. The homes will likely not need any major repairs for at least 10 years, and if they do, the repair maybe covered under a warranty.

Amenities:

Buying new construction often means buying a lifestyle. Community livingsoffer amenities like walking trails, parks, recreation rooms, clubs, pools and play area which provide a chance to socialize in the neighborhood.  Redesigning / rebuilding a house can be quite costly. Newly built homes come with modern fire retardants in materials such as carpeting and insulation, unlike most existing houses. Facilities like.

Timing:

The time to finish new construction makes the home buyer feel a little relaxed less rushed than scrambling with other buyers for an existing home.

Built to code

Code regulations change all the time. Consumer safety issues are continually addressed in new construction and complywith building codes.

The flip side

Newer homes tend to be larger, located in suburbs and surrounded by small plants and short trees withvery little outdoor space. Old constructions are often smaller, located in urban areas and surrounded by trees, with mature landscaping. If you buy already built homes, then there is no waiting time. But if you’re building a custom home, it could take several months longer than moving into an existing home.

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Golf insurance - An elucidation

In the present urban ethnology all of us follow a certain lifestyle and spend our free time in many ways. The gaiety or entertainment pattern varies depending on the community we live in, the nature of our job, leisure time, strata of the society we belong to and many other factors. Occasionally these penchants are risky and may have the probability of landing us in a trance. We all know that life is full of uncertainties that can leave us in transfix-ion. Yet our family has to be supported financially and our lifestyle has to be maintained close to our present. Lifestyle insurance offers plausible solutions to secure a family's present lifestyle under all circumstances even when the worse case strikes.

A gentleman has a number of habitude to spend his leisure; a hobby or lifestyle activity like camping, photography, golfing, fishing, or travelling will be some of the  choices. Out of these, Golfing is the favourite pastime of many people in all age groups and standards. It is a relaxing sport very popular amidst the citizens of the Emirates, but is a tad expensive compared to other past times. It involves risks such as personal injury, inflicted injury, and lost or stolen equipments. Golf equipments are very expensive and it is imperative to cover the sporting activity if you pursue it as your passion.

Golfer's Insurance is framed in such a way to fulfil all your contingencies as a golfer. Ideally the insurance covers accidents while playing the sport, theft / damage of equipments and provides you with pan global coverage for you to enjoy the golfing activity. A comprehensive Golfers’ liability covers the following at all golf course premises including driving ranges:

Personal Accident (To both player and the caddy)

Covers the player in case of death or total or partial  permanent disability during the game or during the practice session. Some policies covers the caddy  too in case of death or permanent total disablement or permanent partial disablement while the Golfer is playing or practising Golf.

Theft of Equipment:

Cover against loss or damage to the equipment assurgent to theft or attempted theft (even while in transit) within the provincial limits as quoted.

Public Liability

Protection against third party legal liability in case of physical injury, or loss or damage to public property while playing or practising on a golf course or driving ranges.

Fee Reimbursement

If the player suffers an accident or illness in an accident, while playing or practicing the game (under insurance period) causing the player to refrain from the sport for a stipulated period, then the golf club should reimburse their enrollment / subscription fee / tournament fee to the insured player.

Damage to Equipment & Trophies

Damage to the Golfing equipment / trophies which belong to you or for which you are legally responsible occurring anywhere within the territorial limits specified is covered up to a set limit.

Hospitalisation Cover

Accidental injury sustained by a player / onlooker on the golf course who is injured by the Golfer while playing or practicing the game is covered for hospital expenses.

Dental & Optical

Coverage for any expense incurred while struck by the golfer while playing or practicing golf is included. Likewise the cost of treatment by a qualified and licensed optician is covered (up to a set limit) in the event of an optical injury while playing or practicing.

Third Party Property

Coverage for accidental damages to third party property struck by a golf ball struck by the golfer while playing or practicing golf.

Baggage delay & Alternative Equipment Hiring

If the golf case or bag is delayed or lost by an airline for more than 12 hours, the cost incurred for hiring of golf equipment to use for your stay is covered.

Hole in One

This is an event when a ball hit from a tee shot finishes in the cup in one stroke gross in a game which is celebrated by the player by buying rounds of drinks for friends and even strangers. The cover includes the immediate expenses for celebration.

Exclusions generally include:

• ·        War
• ·        Natural calamities
• ·        Wear and tear
• ·        Any willful malicious or criminal act of the insured
• ·        Mistaken claims arising from computer failure