Longest words
Cabbaged and fabaceae, each eight
letters long, are the longest words that can be played on a musical instrument.
Seven letter words with this property include acceded, baggage,
bedface,
cabbage,
defaced,
and effaced.
Aegilops, eight letters long, is
the longest word whose letters are arranged in alphabetical order. Seven letter
words with this property include beefily and billowy. Six letter
words include abhors, accent, access, almost,
biopsy,
bijoux,
billow,
chintz,
effort,
and ghosty.
Spoonfeed, nine letters long, is
the longest word whose letters are arranged in reverse alphabetical order. Trollied
is an eight letter word with this property. Seven letter words with this
property include sponged and wronged.
Cimicic and Cimicid, each seven
letters long, are the longest words that are exclusively made up of Roman
Numerals.
Nonsupports, eleven letters
long, is the longest word in the English language made up of only letters in
the second half of the alphabet. Ten letter words include prosupport, soupspoons,
and zoosporous.
Overnumerousnesses,
eighteen letters long, is the longest English word that consists of only
letters that lack ascenders, descenders, and dots in lower case. Overnervousnesses
is seventeen letters. Sixteen letter words with this property include curvaceousnesses
and overnumerousness.
Fifteen letter words with this property include erroneousnesses, nonconcurrences,
overnervousness,
and verrucosenesses.
Lighttight and lillypilly, each ten
letters long, are the longest English words consisting only of letters with
ascenders, descenders, or dots in lower case.
Tittifill, nine letters long, is
the longest English word consisting only of letters with ascenders or dots in
lower case. Eight letter words with this property include libidibi and tikitiki.
The only English words that consist
entirely of letters with descenders in lower case are gyp and gyppy.
Honorificabilitudinitatibus,
27 letters long, is the longest English word consisting strictly of alterating
consonants and vowels. An eighteen letter word with this property is epicoracohumeraler.
A seventeen letter word with this property is hypovitaminosises.
Sixteen letter words with this property include aluminosilicates, depolarizability,
and supererogatorily.
Fifteen letter words with this property include cytomegalovirus, heterozygosises,
hexosaminidases,
paramyxoviruses,
pararosanilines,
parasitological,
tenosynovitides,
tenosynovitises,
unimaginatively,
and verisimilitudes.
The Rot13 method of encrypting text
is performed by rotating the alphabet by thirteen characters. Because there are
26 letters in the alphabet, the decryption process is the same as the
encryption. The longest words to form other words when Rot13 encrypted are the
seven letter words abjurer and nowhere, which
become each other.
Letters
Dermatoglyphics, misconjugatedly,
and uncopyrightable,
each fifteen letters long, are the longest English words in which no letter
appears more than once. Fourteen letter words with this property are ambidextrously,
benzhydroxamic,
hydromagnetics,
hydropneumatic,
pseudomythical,
schizotrypanum,
sulphogermanic,
troublemakings,
undiscoverably,
and vesiculography.
Esophagographers
and unprosperousness,
each sixteen letters long, are the longest English words in which each of their
letters occurs at least twice.
Esophagographers,
sixteen letters long, is the longest English word in which each of its letters
occurs exactly twice. A fourteen word with this property is scintillescent.
Twelve letter words with this property include happenchance and shanghaiings.
Ten letter words with this property include arraigning, concisions,
intestines,
and horseshoer.
Sestettes is a word in which each
of its letters occurs three times.
The word chincherinchee is
the only known English word which has one letter occurring once, two letters
occurring twice, and three letters occurring three times.
Ultrarevolutionaries
is a word in which each of the five main vowels occurs twice.
Eunoia, six letters long, is
the shortest word in the English language that contains all five main vowels.
Seven letter words with this property include adoulie, douleia,
eucosia,
eulogia,
eunomia,
eutopia,
miaoued,
moineau,
sequoia,
and suoidea.
(The scientific name iouea is a genus of Cretaceous fossil
sponges.)
Caesious, eight letters long, is
the shortest word in the English language that contains all five main vowels in
alphabetical order. Nine letter words with this property are acheilous, acheirous,
aerobious,
arsenious,
arterious,
autecious,
facetious,
and parecious.
Suoidea, seven letters long, is
the shortest word in the English language that contains all five main vowels in
reverse alphabetical order. Other words with this property are scarce; they
include the ten letter words duoliteral and unoriental, the
fourteen letter word subcontinental, and the fifteen letter words neuroepithelial
and uncomplimentary.
Facetiously, eleven letters
long, is the shortest word in the English language that contains all six vowels
in alphabetical order. A twelve letter word with this property is abstemiously.
The fourteen letter words adventitiously and sacrilegiously have
this property but also have repeated vowels.
Twyndyllyngs, twelve letters
long, is the longest word in the English language without any of the five main
vowels. An eleven letter word with this property is the singular form, twyndyllyng.
An eight letter word with this property is symphysy. Seven
letter words with this property include gypsyfy, gypsyry,
nymphly,
and rhythms.
Strengths, nine letters long, is
the longest word in the English language with only one vowel.
Strengthlessnesses,
eighteen letters long, is the longest word in the English language with only
one vowel repeated. A seventeen letter word with this property is defenselessnesses.
A sixteen letter word with this property is strengthlessness. A
fifteen letter word with this property is defenselessness. A
fourteen letter word with this property is degenerescence.
Thirteen letter words with this property are degenerescent, disinhibiting,
effervescence,
handcraftsman,
kinnikinnicks,
philistinisms,
primitivistic,
retelemetered,
and whipstitching.
Euouae, six letters long, is
the longest English word consisting only of vowels, and, also, the English word
with the most consecutive vowels. Words with five consecutive vowels include cooeeing
and queueing.
Archchronicler, catchphrase,
eschscholtzia,
latchstring,
lengthsman,
and postphthisic
each have six consonants in a row. Borschts has six consonants in a row in
just one syllable. Words with five consecutive consonants include angstrom,
angsts,
birthplace,
dumbstruck,
eighths,
heartthrob,
lengths,
postscript,
strengths,
thumbscrew,
twelfths,
warmths,
and witchcraft.
Hotshots consists of the same
four letters repeated. There are other eight letter words with this property, but
none are common: beriberi, caracara, chowchow, couscous,
froufrou,
greegree,
guitguit,
kavakava,
lavalava,
mahimahi,
and matamata.
Abcaree, abchalazal, abcoulomb,
crabcake,
and drabcloth
are among the only words in the English language that contain "abc."
Hydroxyzine is the only word
in the English language that contains "xyz."
The longest alphabetic sequences to
appear in English words are "mnop" and "rstu." Mnop
appears in such words as gymnopaedic, gymnophiona, gymnoplast,
limnophilous,
prumnopitys,
semnopithecus,
somnopathy,
and thamnophile.
Rstu
appears in such words as overstudy, overstuff, superstud,
and understudy.
You and ewe are pronounced
the same but share no letters in common. Eye and I
is another such pair. Oh and eau is yet another.
Subbookkeeper is the only
English word with four pairs of double letters in a row. Assessee and keelless
are the shortest words with three pairs of double letters. Cooee is the
shortest word with two double letters.
Only a few words (not counting three
letter words) start with the same three letters they end with. They include: aftershaft,
anticipant,
anticoagulant,
anticonvulsant,
antiformant,
antioxidant,
antiperspirant,
calendrical,
entablement,
entanglement,
entertainment,
enthrallment,
enthralment,
entrapment,
hotshot,
ingesting,
ingratiating,
ingrowing,
ionization,
microsomic,
nicotinic,
physiography,
phytogeography,
phytography,
redeclared,
respires,
restores,
restructures,
tormentor,
and underground.
As a special case, six letter words with this property are atlatl, bonbon,
booboo,
bulbul,
cancan,
chichi,
dumdum,
grigri,
motmot,
murmur,
pawpaw,
pompom,
tartar,
testes,
and tsetse.
Fewer words (excluding four letter
words) start with the same four letters they end with. These include uricosuric
and the nonsense word abracadabra. As a special case, eight letter
words with this property are beriberi, caracara, chowchow,
couscous,
froufrou,
greegree,
guitguit,
hotshots,
kavakava,
lavalava,
mahimahi,
and matamata.
Typewriters
Aftercataracts and tesseradecades,
each fourteen letters long, are the longest words that can be typed using only
those letters normally typed with the left hand. Twelve letter words with this
property include aftereffects, desegregated, desegregates, reasseverate,
reverberated,
reverberates,
and stewardesses.
Johnny-jump-up and niminy-piminy,
twelve letters long, are the longest words that can be typed using only those
letters normally typed with the right hand. Eleven letter words with this
property include hypolimnion and kinnikinnik. Nine letter words with
this property include homophony, homophyly, monophony,
nipponium,
nonillion,
pollinium,
and polyonomy.
Leptothricosis and leucocytozoans,
each fourteen letters long, are the longest English words that are normally
typed using strictly alternating hands. Thirteen letter words with this
property include antiendowment, antisudorific, autotoxicosis, dismantlement,
leucocytozoan,
and neurotoxicity.
Twelve letter words with this property include authenticity and suspensorial.
Postmuscular, twelve letters
long, is the longest English word that is normally typed by switching hands
every two letters.
Rupturewort, eleven letters
long, is the longest word that can be typed using only those letters in the top
row of a typewriter. Ten letter words with this property are pepperroot, pepperwort,
pewterwort,
pirouetter,
prerequire,
pretorture,
proprietor,
repertoire,
repetitory,
tetterwort,
and typewriter.
Shakalshas, ten letters long, is
the longest English word that can be typed using only those letters in the
middle row of a typewriter. Nine letter words with this property include flagfalls,
hadassahs,
and haggadahs.
Eight letter words with this property include alfalfas, galagala,
galahads,
and haskalah.
Deeded, hummum, muhuhu,
and muumuu,
each six letters long, are the longest English words that are normally typed
with just one finger. Five letter words with this property include ceded,
mummy,
unnun,
and yummy.
RinkWorks.com is typed by
alternately moving left and right from key to key.
Symmetry
CHECKBOOK, nine letters long, is
the longest word in the English language composed entirely of letters with
horizontal symmetry in upper case. Eight letter words with this property
include BEDECKED,
BOOHOOED,
CODEBOOK,
COOKBOOK,
DOBCHICK,
EXCEEDED,
HOODOOED,
and KEBOBBED.
HOMOTAXIA, nine letters long, is
the longest word in the English language composed entirely of letters with
vertical symmetry in upper case. Eight letter words with this property include AUTOMATA,
AUTOTOMY,
MOTIVITY,
MAHIMAHI,
MATAMATA,
MYXOMATA,
and THATAWAY.
Seven letter words with this property include AUTOMAT, MAMMOTH,
MAXIMUM,
TAXIWAY,
WITHOUT,
and the proper name TIMOTHY. Hyphenated terms with this property
include HOITY-TOITY
and MOUTH-TO-MOUTH.
HAH, HOH, HUH,
MA'AM,
MOM,
OHO,
TAT,
TIT,
TOT,
TOOT,
TUT,
and WOW
are several words which, when written in upper case letters, have vertical
symmetry.
I, OHO, and IHI'IHI
are the only words in the English language that, when written in upper case
letters, have horizontal and vertical symmetry and consist entirely of letters
that have both horizontal and vertical symmetry.
ZOONOSIS, eight letters long, is
the longest word in the English language composed of letters with 180 degree
rotational symmetry. Six letter words with this property include NINONS,
ONIONS,
and SOZINS.
MOW, SIS, and SWIMS,
when written in upper case letters, have 180 degree rotational symmetry.
COUSCOUS, eight letters long, is
the longest word in the English language such that one cannot tell visually if
it's been written in all upper case or all lower case letters. Four letter
words with this property are COCO, COOS,
COWS,
CUSS,
SCOW,
VOWS,
WOOS,
WUSS,
and ZOOS.
Anagrams
Conservationalists
and conversationalists,
each eighteen letters long, are the longest non-scientific English words that
are anagrams of each other. Internationalism and interlaminations are
sixteen letter anagrams of each other.
Basiparachromatin
and marsipobranchiata,
each seventeen letters long, are anagrams of each other that have no more than
three consecutive letters in common. Thermonastically and hematocrystallin are
sixteen letter anagrams of each other that have this same property.
Nitromagnesite and regimentations,
each fourteen letters long, are anagrams of each other without any consecutive
letters in common.
Interrogatives, reinvestigator,
and tergiversation,
each fourteen letters long, are the longest three non-scientific English words
that are anagrams of each other. They have no more than three consecutive
letters in common with each other.
Monday is the only day of the
week that has an anagram, which is dynamo. March, April,
and May
are the only months of the year that have anagrams, which are charm,
ripal,
and yam.
Earth, having the anagrams hater
and heart,
and Mars,
having the anagrams arms and rams, are the only
planets with anagrams.
Contained Words
Thitherwards contains the most
English words spelled consecutively within it: a, ar,
ard,
ards,
er,
he,
her,
hi,
hit,
hithe,
hither,
hitherward,
hitherwards,
I,
it,
ither,
the,
thither,
thitherward,
wa,
war,
ward,
and wards,
totaling twenty-three words. Therein, seven letters long, contains twelve
words: er,
ere,
he,
her,
here,
herein,
I,
in,
re,
rein,
the,
and there.
Ushers contains the most
personal pronouns spelled consecutively within it: he, her,
hers,
she,
and us,
totaling five pronouns.
Syllables
Scraunched and the archaic word strengthed,
each ten letters long, are the longest English words that are only one syllable
long. Nine letter monosyllabic words are scratched, screeched,
scrounged,
squelched,
straights,
and strengths.
Rugged is a two syllable word
that can be made one syllable by adding letters to it to make shrugged.
The two syllable word ague can be made one syllable by adding
letters to make it vague or plague.
Are is a one syllable word
that can be made into a three syllable word by adding just one letter to make area.
Similarly, came
can become cameo,
gape
can become agape,
and lien
can become alien.
Adding a letter to the middle of smile becomes the three syllable word simile.
Similarly, whine
can become wahine.
Io may be the shortest two
syllable word in the English language. Other candidates are aa, ai,
and eo,
but there is some dispute over the pronunciation and legitimacy of these words.
Iouea, five letters long, is
the shortest four syllable English word. Oceania,
oogonia,
and oxyopia,
each seven letters long, are the shortest five syllable English words.
Chasm, dirndl, massacring,
rhythm,
sarcasm,
and vrbaite
have more syllables than pronounced vowels. Contractions and words that end in ism
and ithm
also have this property. Proper names with this property include Edinburgh
and Hamtramck.
Articles
Sometimes redundancy creeps into
accepted usage when terms are translated from one language to another. Rio
Grande River
is redundant to a speaker of both English and Spanish, as is Sierra Mountains, but, when
addressing an English speaker, the extra English specification makes sense.
English is indeed fun. Lets enjoy.
